Good review on dog and cat bite infections here.
Prophylaxis: Amoxicillin-clavulinate or in penicillin allergic doxycycline + metronidazole (or clindamycin and moxifloxacin/levofloxacin).
Treatment of infection: Will require admission, surgical debridement with culture and broad spectrum antibiotics with gram negative and anerobic coverage (i.e. piperacillin-tazobactam, carbepenems, 3rd generation cephalosporin with metronidazole)
Pasturella multilocida, a gram-negative bacilli, is resistant to cephalexin and clindamycin. It is oxidase positve, indole positive, and won't grow well on MacConkey agar.
Capnocytophagia canismorsis, another fastidious gram negative rod is also oxidase and catalase positive. In patients with underlying immunodeficiency (splenectomy, cirrhosis, hypogammaglobulinemia) infections can progress to florid septic shock with multiorgan failure and DIC. It is hard to grow in the laboratory, and treatment should start early.
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